@c -*-texinfo-*-

@c This file is part of the StarPU Handbook.
@c Copyright (C) 2009--2011  Universit@'e de Bordeaux 1
@c Copyright (C) 2010, 2011  Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
@c Copyright (C) 2011 Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique
@c See the file starpu.texi for copying conditions.

@node StarPU MPI support
@chapter StarPU MPI support

The integration of MPI transfers within task parallelism is done in a
very natural way by the means of asynchronous interactions between the
application and StarPU.  This is implemented in a separate libstarpumpi library
which basically provides "StarPU" equivalents of @code{MPI_*} functions, where
@code{void *} buffers are replaced with @code{starpu_data_handle_t}s, and all
GPU-RAM-NIC transfers are handled efficiently by StarPU-MPI.  The user has to
use the usual @code{mpirun} command of the MPI implementation to start StarPU on
the different MPI nodes.

An MPI Insert Task function provides an even more seamless transition to a
distributed application, by automatically issuing all required data transfers
according to the task graph and an application-provided distribution.

@menu
* The API::                     
* Simple Example::              
* MPI Insert Task Utility::         
* MPI Collective Operations::         
@end menu

@node The API
@section The API

@subsection Compilation

The flags required to compile or link against the MPI layer are then
accessible with the following commands:

@example
% pkg-config --cflags libstarpumpi  # options for the compiler
% pkg-config --libs libstarpumpi    # options for the linker
@end example

@subsection Initialisation

@deftypefun int starpu_mpi_initialize (void)
Initializes the starpumpi library. This must be called between calling
@code{starpu_init} and other @code{starpu_mpi} functions. This
function does not call @code{MPI_Init}, it should be called beforehand.
@end deftypefun

@deftypefun int starpu_mpi_initialize_extended (int *@var{rank}, int *@var{world_size})
Initializes the starpumpi library. This must be called between calling
@code{starpu_init} and other @code{starpu_mpi} functions.
This function calls @code{MPI_Init}, and therefore should be prefered
to the previous one for MPI implementations which are not thread-safe.
Returns the current MPI node rank and world size.
@end deftypefun

@deftypefun int starpu_mpi_shutdown (void)
Cleans the starpumpi library. This must be called between calling
@code{starpu_mpi} functions and @code{starpu_shutdown}.
@code{MPI_Finalize} will be called if StarPU-MPI has been initialized
by calling @code{starpu_mpi_initialize_extended}.
@end deftypefun

@subsection Communication

@deftypefun int starpu_mpi_send (starpu_data_handle_t @var{data_handle}, int @var{dest}, int @var{mpi_tag}, MPI_Comm @var{comm})
@end deftypefun

@deftypefun int starpu_mpi_recv (starpu_data_handle_t @var{data_handle}, int @var{source}, int @var{mpi_tag}, MPI_Comm @var{comm}, MPI_Status *@var{status})
@end deftypefun

@deftypefun int starpu_mpi_isend (starpu_data_handle_t @var{data_handle}, starpu_mpi_req *@var{req}, int @var{dest}, int @var{mpi_tag}, MPI_Comm @var{comm})

@end deftypefun

@deftypefun int starpu_mpi_irecv (starpu_data_handle_t @var{data_handle}, starpu_mpi_req *@var{req}, int @var{source}, int @var{mpi_tag}, MPI_Comm @var{comm})
@end deftypefun

@deftypefun int starpu_mpi_isend_detached (starpu_data_handle_t @var{data_handle}, int @var{dest}, int @var{mpi_tag}, MPI_Comm @var{comm}, void (*@var{callback})(void *), void *@var{arg})
@end deftypefun

@deftypefun int starpu_mpi_irecv_detached (starpu_data_handle_t @var{data_handle}, int @var{source}, int @var{mpi_tag}, MPI_Comm @var{comm}, void (*@var{callback})(void *), void *@var{arg})
@end deftypefun

@deftypefun int starpu_mpi_wait (starpu_mpi_req *@var{req}, MPI_Status *@var{status})
@end deftypefun

@deftypefun int starpu_mpi_test (starpu_mpi_req *@var{req}, int *@var{flag}, MPI_Status *@var{status})
@end deftypefun

@deftypefun int starpu_mpi_barrier (MPI_Comm @var{comm})
@end deftypefun

@deftypefun int starpu_mpi_isend_detached_unlock_tag (starpu_data_handle_t @var{data_handle}, int @var{dest}, int @var{mpi_tag}, MPI_Comm @var{comm}, starpu_tag_t @var{tag})
When the transfer is completed, the tag is unlocked
@end deftypefun

@deftypefun int starpu_mpi_irecv_detached_unlock_tag (starpu_data_handle_t @var{data_handle}, int @var{source}, int @var{mpi_tag}, MPI_Comm @var{comm}, starpu_tag_t @var{tag})
@end deftypefun

@deftypefun int starpu_mpi_isend_array_detached_unlock_tag (unsigned @var{array_size}, starpu_data_handle_t *@var{data_handle}, int *@var{dest}, int *@var{mpi_tag}, MPI_Comm *@var{comm}, starpu_tag_t @var{tag})
Asynchronously send an array of buffers, and unlocks the tag once all
of them are transmitted.
@end deftypefun

@deftypefun int starpu_mpi_irecv_array_detached_unlock_tag (unsigned @var{array_size}, starpu_data_handle_t *@var{data_handle}, int *@var{source}, int *@var{mpi_tag}, MPI_Comm *@var{comm}, starpu_tag_t @var{tag})
@end deftypefun

@page
@node Simple Example
@section Simple Example

@cartouche
@smallexample
void increment_token(void)
@{
    struct starpu_task *task = starpu_task_create();

    task->cl = &increment_cl;
    task->buffers[0].handle = token_handle;
    task->buffers[0].mode = STARPU_RW;

    starpu_task_submit(task);
@}
@end smallexample
@end cartouche

@cartouche
@smallexample
int main(int argc, char **argv)
@{
    int rank, size;

    starpu_init(NULL);
    starpu_mpi_initialize_extended(&rank, &size);

    starpu_vector_data_register(&token_handle, 0, (uintptr_t)&token, 1, sizeof(unsigned));

    unsigned nloops = NITER;
    unsigned loop;

    unsigned last_loop = nloops - 1;
    unsigned last_rank = size - 1;
@end smallexample
@end cartouche

@cartouche
@smallexample
    for (loop = 0; loop < nloops; loop++) @{
        int tag = loop*size + rank;

        if (loop == 0 && rank == 0)
        @{
            token = 0;
            fprintf(stdout, "Start with token value %d\n", token);
        @}
        else
        @{
            starpu_mpi_irecv_detached(token_handle, (rank+size-1)%size, tag,
                    MPI_COMM_WORLD, NULL, NULL);
        @}

        increment_token();

        if (loop == last_loop && rank == last_rank)
        @{
            starpu_data_acquire(token_handle, STARPU_R);
            fprintf(stdout, "Finished : token value %d\n", token);
            starpu_data_release(token_handle);
        @}
        else
        @{
            starpu_mpi_isend_detached(token_handle, (rank+1)%size, tag+1,
                    MPI_COMM_WORLD, NULL, NULL);
        @}
    @}

    starpu_task_wait_for_all();
@end smallexample
@end cartouche

@cartouche
@smallexample
    starpu_mpi_shutdown();
    starpu_shutdown();

    if (rank == last_rank)
    @{
        fprintf(stderr, "[%d] token = %d == %d * %d ?\n", rank, token, nloops, size);
        STARPU_ASSERT(token == nloops*size);
    @}
@end smallexample
@end cartouche

@page
@node MPI Insert Task Utility
@section MPI Insert Task Utility

To save the programmer from having to explicit all communications, StarPU
provides an "MPI Insert Task Utility". The principe is that the application
decides a distribution of the data over the MPI nodes by allocating it and
notifying StarPU of that decision, i.e. tell StarPU which MPI node "owns" which
data. All MPI nodes then process the whole task graph, and StarPU automatically
determines which node actually execute which task, as well as the required MPI
transfers.

@deftypefun int starpu_data_set_tag (starpu_data_handle_t @var{handle}, int @var{tag})
Tell StarPU-MPI which MPI tag to use when exchanging the data.
@end deftypefun

@deftypefun int starpu_data_get_tag (starpu_data_handle_t @var{handle})
Returns the MPI tag to be used when exchanging the data.
@end deftypefun

@deftypefun int starpu_data_set_rank (starpu_data_handle_t @var{handle}, int @var{mpi_rank})
Tell StarPU-MPI which MPI node "owns" a given data, that is, the node which will
always keep an up-to-date value, and will by default execute tasks which write
to it.
@end deftypefun

@deftypefun int starpu_data_get_rank (starpu_data_handle_t @var{handle})
Returns the last value set by @code{starpu_data_set_rank}.
@end deftypefun

@deftypefun void starpu_mpi_insert_task (MPI_Comm @var{comm}, starpu_codelet *@var{cl}, ...)
Create and submit a task corresponding to @var{cl} with the following
arguments.  The argument list must be zero-terminated.

The arguments following the codelets are the same types as for the
function @code{starpu_insert_task} defined in @ref{Insert Task
Utility}. The extra argument @code{STARPU_EXECUTE_ON_NODE} followed by an
integer allows to specify the MPI node to execute the codelet. It is also
possible to specify that the node owning a specific data will execute
the codelet, by using @code{STARPU_EXECUTE_ON_DATA} followed by a data
handle.

The internal algorithm is as follows:
@enumerate
@item Find out whether we (as an MPI node) are to execute the codelet
because we own the data to be written to. If different nodes own data
to be written to, the argument @code{STARPU_EXECUTE_ON_NODE} or
@code{STARPU_EXECUTE_ON_DATA} has to be used to specify which MPI node will
execute the task.
@item Send and receive data as requested. Nodes owning data which need to be
read by the task are sending them to the MPI node which will execute it. The
latter receives them.
@item Execute the codelet. This is done by the MPI node selected in the
1st step of the algorithm.
@item In the case when different MPI nodes own data to be written to, send
written data back to their owners.
@end enumerate

The algorithm also includes a cache mechanism that allows not to send
data twice to the same MPI node, unless the data has been modified.

@end deftypefun

@deftypefun void starpu_mpi_get_data_on_node (MPI_Comm @var{comm}, starpu_data_handle_t @var{data_handle}, int @var{node})
todo
@end deftypefun

Here an stencil example showing how to use @code{starpu_mpi_insert_task}. One
first needs to define a distribution function which specifies the
locality of the data. Note that that distribution information needs to
be given to StarPU by calling @code{starpu_data_set_rank}.

@cartouche
@smallexample
/* Returns the MPI node number where data is */
int my_distrib(int x, int y, int nb_nodes) @{
  /* Block distrib */
  return ((int)(x / sqrt(nb_nodes) + (y / sqrt(nb_nodes)) * sqrt(nb_nodes))) % nb_nodes;

  // /* Other examples useful for other kinds of computations */
  // /* / distrib */
  // return (x+y) % nb_nodes;

  // /* Block cyclic distrib */
  // unsigned side = sqrt(nb_nodes);
  // return x % side + (y % side) * size;
@}
@end smallexample
@end cartouche

Now the data can be registered within StarPU. Data which are not
owned but will be needed for computations can be registered through
the lazy allocation mechanism, i.e. with a @code{home_node} set to -1.
StarPU will automatically allocate the memory when it is used for the
first time.

One can note an optimization here (the @code{else if} test): we only register
data which will be needed by the tasks that we will execute.

@cartouche
@smallexample
    unsigned matrix[X][Y];
    starpu_data_handle_t data_handles[X][Y];

    for(x = 0; x < X; x++) @{
        for (y = 0; y < Y; y++) @{
            int mpi_rank = my_distrib(x, y, size);
             if (mpi_rank == my_rank)
                /* Owning data */
                starpu_variable_data_register(&data_handles[x][y], 0,
                                              (uintptr_t)&(matrix[x][y]), sizeof(unsigned));
            else if (my_rank == my_distrib(x+1, y, size) || my_rank == my_distrib(x-1, y, size)
                  || my_rank == my_distrib(x, y+1, size) || my_rank == my_distrib(x, y-1, size))
                /* I don't own that index, but will need it for my computations */
                starpu_variable_data_register(&data_handles[x][y], -1,
                                              (uintptr_t)NULL, sizeof(unsigned));
            else
                /* I know it's useless to allocate anything for this */
                data_handles[x][y] = NULL;
            if (data_handles[x][y])
                starpu_data_set_rank(data_handles[x][y], mpi_rank);
        @}
    @}
@end smallexample
@end cartouche

Now @code{starpu_mpi_insert_task()} can be called for the different
steps of the application.

@cartouche
@smallexample
    for(loop=0 ; loop<niter; loop++)
        for (x = 1; x < X-1; x++)
            for (y = 1; y < Y-1; y++)
                starpu_mpi_insert_task(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &stencil5_cl,
                                       STARPU_RW, data_handles[x][y],
                                       STARPU_R, data_handles[x-1][y],
                                       STARPU_R, data_handles[x+1][y],
                                       STARPU_R, data_handles[x][y-1],
                                       STARPU_R, data_handles[x][y+1],
                                       0);
    starpu_task_wait_for_all();
@end smallexample
@end cartouche

I.e. all MPI nodes process the whole task graph, but as mentioned above, for
each task, only the MPI node which owns the data being written to (here,
@code{data_handles[x][y]}) will actually run the task. The other MPI nodes will
automatically send the required data.

@node MPI Collective Operations
@section MPI Collective Operations

@deftypefun int starpu_mpi_scatter_detached (starpu_data_handle_t *@var{data_handles}, int @var{count}, int @var{root}, MPI_Comm @var{comm})
Scatter data among processes of the communicator based on the ownership of
the data. For each data of the array @var{data_handles}, the
process @var{root} sends the data to the process owning this data.
Processes receiving data must have valid data handles to receive them.
@end deftypefun

@deftypefun int starpu_mpi_gather_detached (starpu_data_handle_t *@var{data_handles}, int @var{count}, int @var{root}, MPI_Comm @var{comm})
Gather data from the different processes of the communicator onto the
process @var{root}. Each process owning data handle in the array
@var{data_handles} will send them to the process @var{root}. The
process @var{root} must have valid data handles to receive the data.
@end deftypefun

@page
@cartouche
@smallexample
if (rank == root)
@{
    /* Allocate the vector */
    vector = malloc(nblocks * sizeof(float *));
    for(x=0 ; x<nblocks ; x++)
    @{
        starpu_malloc((void **)&vector[x], block_size*sizeof(float));
    @}
@}

/* Allocate data handles and register data to StarPU */
data_handles = malloc(nblocks*sizeof(starpu_data_handle_t *));
for(x = 0; x < nblocks ;  x++)
@{
    int mpi_rank = my_distrib(x, nodes);
    if (rank == root) @{
        starpu_vector_data_register(&data_handles[x], 0, (uintptr_t)vector[x],
                                    blocks_size, sizeof(float));
    @}
    else if ((mpi_rank == rank) || ((rank == mpi_rank+1 || rank == mpi_rank-1))) @{
        /* I own that index, or i will need it for my computations */
        starpu_vector_data_register(&data_handles[x], -1, (uintptr_t)NULL,
                                   block_size, sizeof(float));
    @}
    else @{
        /* I know it's useless to allocate anything for this */
        data_handles[x] = NULL;
    @}
    if (data_handles[x]) @{
        starpu_data_set_rank(data_handles[x], mpi_rank);
    @}
@}

/* Scatter the matrix among the nodes */
starpu_mpi_scatter_detached(data_handles, nblocks, root, MPI_COMM_WORLD);

/* Calculation */
for(x = 0; x < nblocks ;  x++) @{
    if (data_handles[x]) @{
        int owner = starpu_data_get_rank(data_handles[x]);
        if (owner == rank) @{
            starpu_insert_task(&cl, STARPU_RW, data_handles[x], 0);
        @}
    @}
@}

/* Gather the matrix on main node */
starpu_mpi_gather_detached(data_handles, nblocks, 0, MPI_COMM_WORLD);
@end smallexample
@end cartouche