/* StarPU --- Runtime system for heterogeneous multicore architectures.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2018                                     Inria
 *
 * StarPU is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at
 * your option) any later version.
 *
 * StarPU is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 *
 * See the GNU Lesser General Public License in COPYING.LGPL for more details.
 */

/*! \page InteroperabilitySupport Interoperability Support

In situations where multiple parallel software elements have to coexist within
the same application, uncoordinated accesses to computing units may lead such
parallel software elements to collide and interfere. The purpose of the
Interoperability routines of StarPU, implemented along the definition of the
Resource Management APIs of Project H2020 INTERTWinE, is to enable StarPU to
coexist with other parallel software elements without resulting in computing
core oversubscription or undersubscription. These routines allow the
programmer to dynamically control the computing resources allocated to StarPU,
to add or remove processor cores and/or accelerator devices from the pool of
resources used by StarPU's workers to execute tasks. They also allow multiple
libraries and applicative codes using StarPU simultaneously to select distinct
sets of resources independently. Internally, the Interoperability Support is
built on top of Scheduling Contexts (see \ref SchedulingContexts).

\section ResourceManagement StarPU Resource Management

The \c starpurm module is a library built on top of the \c starpu library. It
exposes a series of routines prefixed with \c starpurm_ defining the resource
management API.

All functions are defined in \ref API_Interop_Support.

\subsection Build Linking a program with the starpurm module

The \c starpurm module must be linked explicitly with the applicative executable
using it. Example Makefiles in the <c>starpurm/dev/</c> subdirectories show how
to do so. If the \c pkg-config command is available and the \c PKG_CONFIG_PATH
environment variable is properly positioned, the proper settings may be obtained
with the following \c Makefile snippet:

\code{Makefile}
CFLAGS += $(shell pkg-config --cflags starpurm-1.3)
LDFLAGS+= $(shell pkg-config --libs-only-L starpurm-1.3)
LDLIBS += $(shell pkg-config --libs-only-l starpurm-1.3)
\endcode


\subsection InitExit Initialization and Shutdown

The \c starpurm module is initialized with a call to starpurm_initialize()
and must be finalized with a call to starpurm_shutdown(). The \c starpurm
module supports CPU cores as well as devices. An integer ID is assigned to each
supported device type. The ID assigned to a given device type can be queried
with the starpurm_get_device_type_id() routine, which currently expects one
of the following strings as argument and returns the corresponding ID:
<ul>
<li><c>"cpu"</c></li>
<li><c>"opencl"</c></li>
<li><c>"cuda"</c></li>
<li><c>"mic"</c></li>
</ul>
The \c cpu pseudo device type is defined for convenience and designates CPU
cores. The number of units of each type available for computation can be
obtained with a call to starpu_get_nb_devices_by_type().

Each CPU core unit available for computation is designated by its rank among the
StarPU CPU worker threads and by its own CPUSET bit. Each non-CPU device unit
can be designated both by its rank number in the type, and by the CPUSET bit
corresponding to its StarPU device worker thread. The CPUSET of a computing unit
or its associated worker can be obtained from its type ID and rank with 
starpurm_get_device_worker_cpuset(), which returns the corresponding HWLOC CPUSET. 


\subsection DefCTX Default Context

The \c starpurm module assumes a default, global context, manipulated through a
series of routines allowing to assign and withdraw computing units from the main
StarPU context. Assigning CPU cores can be done with
starpurm_assign_cpu_to_starpu() and starpurm_assign_cpu_mask_to_starpu(), and
assigning device units can be done with starpurm_assign_device_to_starpu()
and starpurm_assign_device_mask_to_starpu(). Conversely, withdrawing CPU
cores can be done with starpurm_withdraw_cpu_from_starpu() and starpurm_withdraw_cpu_mask_from_starpu(=,
and withdrawing device units can be done with
starpurm_withdraw_device_from_starpu() and starpurm_withdraw_device_mask_from_starpu().
These routine should typically be used to control resource usage for the main
applicative code.

\subsection TmpCTXS Temporary Contexts

Besides the default, global context, \c starpurm can create temporary contexts
and launch the computation of kernels confined to these temporary contexts.
The routine starpurm_spawn_kernel_on_cpus() can be used to do so: it
allocates a temporary context and spawns a kernel within this context. The
temporary context is subsequently freed upon completion of the kernel. The
temporary context is set as the default context for the kernel throughout its
lifespan. This routine should typically be used to control resource usage for a
parallel kernel handled by an external library built on StarPU. Internally, it
relies on the use of starpu_sched_ctx_set_context() to set the temporary
context as default context for the parallel kernel, and then restore the main
context upon completion. Note: the maximum number of temporary contexts
allocated concurrently at any time should not exceed
::STARPU_NMAX_SCHED_CTXS-2, otherwise, the call to
starpurm_spawn_kernel_on_cpus() may block until a temporary context becomes
available. The routine starpurm_spawn_kernel_on_cpus() returns upon the
completion of the parallel kernel. An asynchronous variant is available with the
routine starpurm_spawn_kernel_on_cpus_callback(). This variant returns
immediately, however it accepts a callback function, which is subsequently
called to notify the calling code about the completion of the parallel kernel.

*/
